These include treatment for cervical degenerative diseases causing bone spurs that compress nerves, resulting in symptoms such as hand numbness, body aches and numbness, and weakness in the limbs. For lumbar issues, treatments are available for sciatica caused by lumbar spondylosis. This also includes treatments for peripheral nerve compression disorders, such as hand numbness and weakness caused by carpal tunnel syndrome.

In recent years, the excessive use of computers, communication, and consumer electronics has led to improper usage of the cervical spine, with prolonged head-down posture, long periods of phone use, and extended time in front of computers accelerating cervical spine degeneration. This can cause stiffness in the neck and shoulders and a "cracking" sound when turning the head. In more severe cases, pain can radiate from the neck and shoulders to both upper limbs, possibly due to bone spurs compressing nerves from cervical spine degeneration. When medications and rehabilitation treatments fail, cervical spine surgery may be considered when bone spurs significantly compress nerves.

These include herniated disk in the lower back and lumbar spondylolisthesis causing sciatica in the lower limbs. Medication, rehabilitation, and localized radiofrequency stimulation therapy can be used to reduce pain. However, if symptoms do not improve after a period of treatment or if they worsen, lumbar spine surgery may need to be considered. There are various surgical methods for lumbar spine conditions, ranging from simpler, minimally invasive procedures to more complex microsurgeries, depending on the severity of the patient’s condition. Another major issue with the lumbar spine is osteoporosis, which is becoming more common due to modern lifestyles with reduced physical activity and insufficient sun exposure, or other disease-related factors. Osteoporosis can lead to compression fractures of the spine from a fall, lifting heavy objects, or even a cough. Currently, the main treatment for compression fractures is "percutaneous vertebroplasty," where bone cement is injected through a needle into the spine from the back. After the treatment, patients can get out of bed and move around, making it a minimally invasive procedure that causes relatively little harm to the patient.

As for brain strokes, intracerebral hemorrhages, and head injuries causing brain bleeding, these are conditions that are commonly treated by neurosurgery.